Marine Bio Essay Example for Free

Marine Bio Essay You can decide the turtle’s species by the upper shell earthy colored/rosy earthy colored shading, the lower shell velvety/yellow shading, body skin earthy colored/yellow shading, the corroded earthy colored scales on their head, and the weight and length of the turtle changing from 77-227 kilograms and 1. 2 meters. b) You can decide the sex by numerous highlights. The turtle’s sexual development isn’t accomplished until they are 15-20 years of age. Grown-up guys have longer tails and are a lot bigger than grown-up females. A couple breads adrift and the female come to shore to settle her eggs. Loggerheads home from April to July. Generally, there can be 105-120 eggs laid in a grasp. Single females of the species can have numerous grasp during a season. Some home each year, while others substitute years. The brooding time frame can last from 55 - 60 days. Like most ocean turtles, they home around evening time. c) The age of an ocean turtle is controlled by development of long and weight gain. d) Loggerheads additionally cover themselves in the mud during winter months. 2. The most well-known reasons turtles become debilitated or harmed in Florida are on the grounds that lights on beach front expressways and lodging advancements confuse the hatchlings frequently making them move away from the water and be slaughtered via vehicles or predators. 3. The particular sort of turtle safeguarded was The Loggerhead Sea Turtle or â€Å"Loggerhead† 4. The kind of food we should take care of the saved turtle is an assortment of crabs, jellyfish, shellfish, and wipes. 5. This species needs to remain around new water for methods for drinking and remain at oceans for breading (if more than one is in restoration). 6. The restoration territory ought to be kept at a warm temperature and ought to be no littler than 39ft.

Brita Case Essay Example for Free

Brita Case Essay The Brita Products Company started in 1988 under the proposal of Charlie Couric, a showcasing official with the Clorox Company. Idealistic of its ability to be beneficial, Clorox gained the option to advertise the home water filtration framework. Clorox, refering to the superseding long haul advantages of constant channel deals, at first occupied with deficiency spending. Such marks paid off and Clorox made a $350 million market, yet additionally caught 70% of the market income. Brita delighted in achievement in the market by making an impression of better tasting water. In any case, as ater cleaning innovation improved and purchaser mindfulness expanded, taste alone was not, at this point enough to continue its gigantic piece of the pie. Customers are requesting more regarding medical advantages and Brita needs to react to their developing needs and needs. The market condition is described by quick development. As customers are turning out to be more wellbeing cognizant, filtered water and water-filtration frameworks are turning into a need for most, with a Brita pitcher in 1 out of 7 homes 103 million families. Britas contenders couldn't successfully match Brita in pitcher deals. Brita overwhelmed notwithstanding numerous new contestants to the market. Nonetheless, a little contender, PUR, propelled an alternate water filtration item. PURs spigot channel framework offered included wellbeing and accommodation benefits that Britas pitcher couldnt give. Presently abruptly, our rivals thought of the main mover item. In this manner Couric is thinking about assigning assets to dispatch a spigot mounted filtration framework in light of these rising contenders. Many think Brita needs to exploit this chance to increase new buyers while their name despite everything stays equal with quality and taste. Consequently bringing up the issue, in what manner ought to Brita endeavor to additionally infiltrate the market with their items? Lets investigate the Pros and Cons of every alternative: Option 1: Implement the new spigot mount filtration framework The Purpose This composing expects to introduce one potential answer for the predicament that Clorox Company faces. The Clorox Company was the market head in water filtration in the USA with the Brita Pitcher (one of the Cloroxs most significant item), however in 1999 they confronted the danger of another item the spigot mounted channel. Clorox previously had its own variant of this new item prepared to dispatch into the market, so the issue was to choose the best of the accompanying techniques: 1 . Keep selling just the present item; 2. Present their new fixture mounted channel notwithstanding the pitcher into the market 2. The Analysis Market Summary Clorox propelled in 1988 the Brita Pitcher and following 10 years they were the market chiefs of water filtration frameworks with a piece of the overall industry of 69%. After the Brita pitcher dispatch, the water quality turned into a developing worry to customers. This new disposition about the nature of drinking water permitted the sanitized water market to develop in both filtered water and channel frameworks. This developing on the water showcase, permitted Clorox Has not characterized item Market division

Problem of unemployment Free Essays

Joblessness is a difficult issue in our nation, which prompts destitution. Numerous individuals are anxious to secure Positions Support themselves just as their families yet there are insufficient Jobs for everybody. Thus the issue of joblessness is seen at each level. We will compose a custom article test on Issue of joblessness or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Absence of Job openings has brought misery and sadness among our childhood. It has made them to wander off-track which makes numerous different issues like illicit drug use, character emergencies, and so forth. Let us initially analyze the reasons for the issue of nemployment before talking about the different available resources of taking care of this issue. There are numerous explanations behind the issue of joblessness in our nation. One of them is the moderate development of our economy, corresponding to increment in the quantity of taught people. At the point when an economy is developing, there are a lot of Jobs for everybody. Our economy has developed and there has been advancement however insufficient to produce adequate number of Jobs. Another factor that has prompted joblessness is the development in populace. Our own is a thickly populated nation the populace ncreasing significantly. However, Jobs and profitable roads can't be created in the extent. The Jobs are confined in number however the individuals applying for them are many. In this way, a huge segment of individuals is left without Job. The development in training has come about is bigger number of individuals searching for office Jobs, which are not accessible. Once more, training is regularly not planned for furnishing individuals with professional aptitudes. So their extension for business stays constrained. Simultaneously, the development of motorization and increasingly modern hardware is mportant for the improvement of industry. Yet, this frequently implies hardly any individuals are required for explicit Jobs. Therefore there is greater joblessness. It is the obligation of the legislature to give Jobs to every one of the individuals who can work. It has begun plans like the Jawahar Rozgar YoJana, SwarnaJayanti, Gram Swarozgar YoJna and other in rustic regions. Advances are likewise given-to empower independent work and little scope businesses. Specialized and professional training ought to be focused. At the point when individuals get specialized nd professional training, they won't desire after administrations on finishing their instruction. They will come out solid and steady to remain on their own legs. They will pick a calling as per their ability and fitness. This will help in taking care of the difficult joblessness. J M It is additionally important to check the quick development of our pulation. There must be laid on family arranging in such manner. After populace is controlled, we can undoubtedly conquer advancement of our nation can never be conceivable. Henceforth, it is important to bring mindfulness among the regular mass. Step by step instructions to refer to Problem of joblessness, Papers

Writing for Children A Study of Two Authors who Truly Understood what Children Love to Read - Literature Essay Samples

Both Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland and Kenneth Grahame’s The Wind in the Willows are honored and cherished children’s classics. Though the two stories were written over a hundred years ago, they are still popular and widely loved today. Questions have been raised as to why exactly these two books have turned out to be incredible classics and staple bedtime stories for children everywhere. Many believe the reason for the two stories’ success lies in the core of their meaning – the fact that they deal with basic needs and experiences of children everywhere, no matter the time period. Though the tales are very different, they have some very important likenesses that make them both timeless and relatable to children. The most principle of which is subversion. All of the characters in these two stories celebrate, as Alison Laurie states it, â€Å"Daydreaming, disobedience, answering back†¦[and] running away† (Lurie) ¹. For example, bo th stories deal with the concept of a desire to escape from the ordinary, and rebellion against authority. The four main characters in Grahame’s The Wind in the Willows personify these aspects, and Alice in Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland embodies different characteristics of all four.In The Wind in the Willows, the first character the reader is introduced to is Mole. He is doing spring-cleaning in his underground home, when suddenly he is seized with the urge to be aboveground, carefree and enjoying spring. Then, â€Å"he suddenly [flings] down his brush on the floor, said†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hang spring-cleaning!† and bolted out of the house without even waiting to put his coat on.† He knew he was supposed to be taking care of his house and being responsible, but â€Å"something up above was calling him imperiously† (637). Likewise, we first meet Alice outside sitting with her sister, trying to behave, but distracted from that boring task by the appearance of a white rabbit running by. Gripped with curiosity, she finds she must run after it, and so begins her adventure. Alice, like Mole, is very cognizant of the call of escape and adventure, and is eager to follow it wherever it takes her, even if she should know better. A child can easily relate to this as he is constantly being told â€Å"what grown-ups [have] decided [he] ought to [do]† (Lurie) when he would much rather be doing something simply for fun. Also like Mole, Alice is – at times – very naà ¯ve. When Mole decides he wants adventure, he is determined to have it, even against the warnings of wise counsel. When he travels into the Wild Woods, he is sure he will be able to handle whatever he meets there, but soon finds it is all too much for him, and is terrified (652). Similarly, Alice often lets her knowledge of decency and etiquette get in the way of her common sense. For example, when she approaches the house of the duchess, she is stalled going in by her attempt to reason and be polite with an irrational footman. It would be expected that, once one realized the man did not make sense, one would enter the house himself. In Alice’s case, however, she wastes much time at the door, wanting to do things properly in a very improper world (344-45). In these instances, Moles subversion is disobedience, which initially seems to bring a bad consequence but ultimately brings about a positive occurrence – they find Badger and have more wonderfully fun adventures – such that the message is given that his disobedience was a very good thing after all. In Alice’s case, the message is put across that she should have flown in the face of what the adults at home had taught her was proper. Obviously, trying to politely deal with the footman was a waste of time and rather stupid, when it was quite apparent she need just walk in herself and not bother with the silly and pointless ritual of manners that grown-ups put su ch importance on.The second character introduced in The Wind in the Willows is Rat. He is a sensible creature, but lives a carefree and fun-loving life in which the â€Å"only thing†¦.worth doing [is] messing about in boats† (638). Some parents consider this very subversive, as it condones a pleasure-filled life with little to no responsibility. This fact is also what appeals so grandly to children. Alice – like many children – also experiences an affinity for that type of life. For example, when she is on the riverbank with her sister, she is frightfully bored and tries to remedy this by sneaking peeks at her sister’s book. However, she soon finds this is no good because the book has only words and no pictures. After all, Alice concludes, â€Å"what is the use of a book without pictures?† (325). That sort of book is what Laurie describes when discussing books that taught its child readers how â€Å"to be more like respectable grown-ups.† These books often had no use or time for pictures, and certainly not pictures that did not assist entirely in reinforcing the â€Å"lessons disguised as stories† (Lurie).The next character that appears in The Wind in the Willows is Toad. He is very much like a child in the sense that he is incredibly impulsive and self-indulgent. Unfortunately, these characteristics often lead to self-destruction. In Toad’s case, his addiction to motorcars pulls him into a life of recklessness and crime, where he was before a dignified heir of great wealth and status. He also demonstrates great subversion in his tendency to see himself as above the law. He constantly questions authority, as he refuses to see himself as guilty and constantly finds a way out of punishment – whether from his friends (676) or from the law (687) and often proclaiming things like, â€Å"Toad again! Toad, as usual, comes out on top!† (707). Alice is also very impulsive, as demonstrated in the fact that she never fails to eat or drink any food that magically appears before her. She does this even if she recognizes that it may be poison, and remembers what she learned – presumably from a book much like the books â€Å"that hoped to teach†¦manners or morals or both† which Lurie discusses – that â€Å"if you drink too much from a bottle marked â€Å"poison,† it is almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later† (327). Both Alice and Toad seem to know better, but do the potentially harmful actions anyway, serving as examples for the assertion that children have a desire and compulsion to behave subversively whether they have been taught differently or not, and this is why these books resonate with children.The last main character in The Wind in the Willows is the wise Badger. He is highly respected and his words are often heeded without question. When the animals have gathered at Rat’s house to decide what to do about Toad ’s captured home, all the animals shout out ideas or fall into despair, but it is Badger, in his wise way, who reprimands Toad, putting him promptly in his place, and then calmly announces, â€Å"There are more ways of getting back a place then taking it by storm. I haven’t said my last word yet† (714). He then goes on to describe the underground tunnel that they can enter the house through, and – without argument – that is exactly what they decide to do. Though Badger is the character most resembling a grown-up in this story, he is still far from the vision of adults that children experience in some literature. He does not recommend â€Å"depend[ing] on authority for help† (Lurie), but rather that they take the situation in their own hands in order to right the matter. He also does not hold in his excitement for the coming battle, as, after the final plan is made, he joins in with his other three comrades in jumping about the room and shout ing excitedly about the battle to come. Alice can also be considered a wise character. Though she does not always listen to her own advise, she often has some very good bits of wisdom that she reminds herself. She even seeks to punish herself when she feels she has acted foolishly. For example, â€Å"once she remembered trying to box her own ears for having cheated herself in a game of croquet† (327). Though she is only a young girl, Alice often quotes what seems to be lessons she has learned from the very sort of instructional books Lurie discusses, such as when she is asked to repeat different verses she has learned, and promptly assumes her reciting stance and begins. However, she is still a picture of subversion, as she usually ends up not getting the verses correctly and saying something nonsensical that would be comical and pleasing to child readers.Throughout Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland and Kenneth Grahame’s The Wind in the Willows, examples of su bversive behavior are abundant. This is the essence of why both tales are so cherished by children even in modern times. Alice, Mole, Rat, Toad, and Badger are all characters used by Carroll and Grahame to delve into different aspects of subversion that children most identify with. Though they all have very different personalities, children can relate to all of them because at their core are the subversive ideals children love to read about and let their imaginations run wild with. Lurie calls books like these â€Å"sacred texts† because of the authors’ ability to appreciate a child’s interest in tales of rebellion and an easygoing world in which the main characters have all the abilities and resources of adults but must follow none of the silly rules. That Alice personifies various attributes of all four of Grahame’s main characters is further proof that these beloved classics are so highly regarded for their appeal to children’s’ love of s ubversion and that they fall under Lurie’s description of the wonderful and enrapturing books of her childhood.

A Study On Agency Sponsorship Essay - 1118 Words

Agency Sponsorship The group will be run by a License Master Social worker (LMSW) who getting supervised to became a License Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). The LMSW is very known in the community and works primarily with adolescents. The LMSW works part time with the local Boys and Girls Club of America. This provides access to a physical location for the group. The Boys and Girls Club America mission is, â€Å"to enable all young people, especially those who need us most, to reach their full potential as productive, caring, responsible citizens† (Boys and Girls Club Mission Statement, 2016). The group promotes self-care as well as improving the self-esteem of young adolescent females. This not only fits in with the mission, but the core beliefs of proving ongoing relationships with caring, adult professionals and life-enhancing programs and character development experiences (Boys and Girls Club Mission Statement, 2016). Since LCSW works for the local Boys and Girls Club there is no additional cost for using the space. Membership The group will service adolescent females in ages eleven to fourteen. This is a transitional time for most young girls. Most girls in this age group are in middle school or entering high school. Before 15 years old, adolescents will have been exposed to events that can influence their self-esteem in positive and negative ways (Young, 2009). Searcy (2007) states that â€Å"life decisions impacted by self-esteem included: (a) whether to engage in protectedShow MoreRelatedMarketing Definition and Importance1431 Words   |  6 Pagesanyone can do it. But as a business person you have to get rid of this view point and employ a professional marketing agency that will device your marketing strategy and help you execute it as well. 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The Battle Between Protecting Fine Art And Commercial Art

Exam #: 27676 There has been constant debate revolving around the distinction between a painting, and a mural. In this case, a mural is a painting or other work of art executed directly on a wall. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). In Pollara v. Seymour, the banner displayed inside the empire state plaza, was classified as an advertisement and promotional work, rather than a â€Å"work of art.† However, why did congress exclude certain works of art from being protected? The battle between protecting fine art and commercial art has been an issue. The governing rule of society place a higher standard on fine art, than art made for advertising or promotional purposes. As a society we grant specific â€Å"works of visual art† protections based upon the fact†¦show more content†¦In this case, a mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other large permanent surface. A distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elemen ts of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). Here, copyright law and state laws were the only legal protection that many artists’ relied upon. The shift from moderate state laws to the federal policies of â€Å"VARA† created a tremendous impact on artists’ protection. The Visual Artists’ Rights Act expanded the protection of the artists’ work, but also recognized the artists’ work as property. Property ownership is tremendously important because it gives the artists’ the power to have full control over the â€Å"work of art† they created. Congress passed the Visual Artists’ Rights Act of 1990 to protect the property or â€Å"work† of the artists’. The general rule governing our society is that the producer has dominion over property they originally created. According to the facts, Diego’s mural is clearly an original â€Å"work† he painted that incorporates outside elements. However, do these outside elements play a substantial factor in determining whether Diego’s mural is considered â€Å"a work of visual art,† and should be protected under VARA? To make this determination, a more in depth analysis of legal precedent, and the rule of law under VARA must be taken in to consideration. The singleness of the work,

Leadership and Learning Conceptualizing Relations

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Learning for Conceptualizing Relations. Answer: Introduction The study focuses on development of a school improvement plan of a remote school in Australia. The rural schools of Australia face problems and issues related to retaining and attracting teachers and other staffs. Another aspect of the problem faced by the schools in te remote areas is the implementation of effective school leadership. However, it can be said that the primary problems and challenges faced by the schools while recruiting and retaining new staffs are workload, inexperience, ability of the professional to deal with the competing demands of a manager or educator, professional isolation, etc. The developmental plan of the school will focus on the three areas of the National School Improvement Tool. The study will be focused on the improvement of the school leadership in the school while putting emphasis on rural social space. The developmental plan will focus on the ethical standards, fairness and integrity of the aboriginal culture of the area. School improvement plan The school improvement plan will analyze the context of the situation along with understanding a prevailing culture while leading in a transience climate. Development of excellent school leadership incorporates the importance of strategy, influence and alignment. The leadership shifts from sole responsibility (individual leadership) to shared leadership (collective) (Haslam Mckenzie, 2013). The principal of the school has already founded that the school has no retention policies regarding the principles as well as other staffs. The student attendance is not up to the mark. It remains in between 50% to 65%. However, it can be said that the annual report of the school has cleared the fact that the relationship with the community and the school is positive. But the participation of the students and other staffs are not up to the mark (Lock et al., 2012). The school improvement plan must incorporate the factors of school leadership for all members of the school. Leadership will not only be limited to the principal of the school as well as the other faculties and administrative staffs of the school. The leadership roles will include staff turnover, professional communication, developing mentoring relationships, etc. The teachers along with the principal must harness the framework of learning. The moral purpose of the implementation of the framework is to improve the performance of the school in order to increase the quality of education provided to the indigenous students of Australia (Lock et al., 2012). The learner framework consists of professional development, conditions for leaning, teaching curriculum, parent community support, leadership, etc. Apart from that, the element of culture is also included in the plan as per the elements of National School Improvement Tool (2012). As per learner guide, the context of the school improvement plan contains various aspects that will be incorporated in the improvement plan of the school. The school context will include infrastructures, governance, special programs, local economy, student diversity, community diversity, partnerships, providing quality ICT to students, resources, degree of remoteness, economic aspects, cross or inter agency relationships, etc. to the elements of the National School Improvement Tool (Lambert et al., 2016). The cultural aspect of the school is aboriginal culture. The indigenous students of Australia along with the other administrative staffs of the school in the leadership development if the school development plan. The contextual knowledge is related to the importance of the role of the school leaders in order to utilize skills attributes, leadership knowledge, while bringing high quality learning schooling and teaching. The environments of the school are responsible for the production of creative confident individuals along with active informed citizens and successful learners. It is an important aspect related to the equity of the country as well other countries of OECD illustrate the fact that educational equity is for all. The students irrespective of their caste and other social factors have equal opportunity for having basic education (Whannell Tobias, 2015). The location of the school is important in building strategies of development and enhancing the learning outcomes and opportunities in the school. Plan as per the elements of National School Improvement Tool The National School Improvement Tool has definite educational goals for the aboriginal students of Australia. In all school sectors, the Australian government is closes the gap for all the young indigenous students of Australia. The tool will assist the school in formulating practices that will help in the high performance of the school. The three domains are selected regarding the culture of the school, proper use of resources of the school and development of expert teaching team of the school (Harris et al., 2013). The most important feature of the tool is to set the levels of performances in terms of outstanding, high, medium and low. The four levels of the strategies will enable the school while making judgments in the improvement journey. The school improvement plan will incorporate different types of school wide improvement plan that will incorporate participation of the community as well as the faculties in order to increase the level of quality education provided to the abori ginal students in the school (Harris, 2013). The listed three categories of the tool will kept in between outstanding to high in order to meet the goals of increasing the attendance of the school as well as the participation of students and teachers. Culture promoting learning It can be said that the school has a culture that contains both the culture of the region of Australia and the school culture. However, the promotion of culture in the school has not affected the participation of students and teachers in the school. The strong collegial culture will have to be maintained in the school so that it can develop a strong culture of school leadership in the school. The equity for Australia and other OECD countries interprets that the equity for education is for all. All students of the school irrespective of their economic, social, culture and race must have the opportunity of using the facilities provided by the school (DiPaola Tschannen-Moran, 2014). The contextual factor that are responsible for creating an impact on the achievement of the student are socio-economic factors, family background, geographic location, culture, etc. The current situation of the school illustrates the fact that the retention rate of the administrative staffs as well as the f aculties of the school is high. In order to promote the culture of the school, many activities regarding the promotion of culture and participation of the community and the members of the school are necessary. Culture promotion is related to the improvement of learning of the students. The principal of the school must keep the track of the records of the performance of the students and the teachers in the school development plan. It is the responsibility of the teacher while engaging the students as well as their parents in the cultural development plan. The policy will follow the system of rural social space (Bush Glover, 2014). It is consisted of three sections namely economy, geography and demography. These three aspects will encompass the area of profit, place and people. In this area of the National School Improvement Tool, the demography section of the rural social place will be highlighted as this contains history, spirituality, indigeneity and culture. In this way, the school can achieve an outstanding pos ition in the sphere of promotion of culture in the learning procedure of the students (Spillane, 2015). Targeted use of resources In this context, the targeted use of resources of the school i.e. both tangible and intangible resources are to utilized in an optimum level in order to avail the facilities of the school while maximize the learning procedure of the student. The school has scored low in all the aspects of the tool. The plan is formulated for twelve months for flexible delivery arrangements of the curriculum that will establish a positive relation among the staff to address the individual needs of the school (Jensen, 2016). The budget of the plan will align both the system and local priorities. Effective utilization of the physical environment along with the available facilities while providing an opportunity of the best uses of the staff resources and various expertises. School wide programs require proper allocation of resources. The resources of the school include materials, expertise, staff time, facilities and funds which should be used in a targeted pattern. The main aim of this section is to de velop the programs that will meet the well being needs and learning needs of the students (Day et al., 2000). The policies of the school must be flexible in nature so that the school can respond quickly to the procedures and appropriately while meeting the needs of the individual learners. The primary focus of the scope of the program is to allocate the available resource in the programs of the school. Various initiatives of community engagement programs as well as the employees of the school will help in implementation of strategies of creative wide solutions. The responsibility of the principal is to deploy the staffs and faculties of the school in a way so that they can use their skills in a proper way. For instance, the science teachers will focus on the ability of the students while responding to the promptness of the students in responding to the science subject. The record of the school development program will be maintained centrally while sharing it across the different year levels (Dimmock, 2000). Expert teaching team The success of a school in accomplishing its goals is very much depended on the teachers and their level of expertise. The active team of the teachers is responsible for taking active leadership responsibility beyond the classroom. In this context, to keep the rating as outstanding plans and procedures are to formulated that will give priority on retaining, developing and attracting the best talents within the school (Ellyard, 2001). The current situation of the school portrays that the retention rate of the staffs are low due to the remoteness of the place of the school. The remoteness is the major issue of the school is the high rate of the employee turnover. The development plan will include many amenities for teachers as well as building a culture of continuous improvement of professional careers. It will include mentoring, classroom based learning, and various coaching arrangements (Fullan Ballew, 2004). The school leadership program is the best solution that can be used not only to enhance the skills and expertise of the teacher but also to retain them by engaging them in leadership development, principal mentoring, effective interventions, etc. A deeper understanding of the common understandings of the student, learning difficulties, etc. are essential in order to increase their commitment while focusing on mitigating the needs of the students. It will not only help in increase of the attendance of the students but also it will improve the rate of retention of different staffs of the school (Hargreaves, 2003). The aim of the school is to work in a cohesive way while learning from each other. It may include different online professional communities that will help the school in gaining an outstanding rate in this context. Conclusion It can be concluded that the school improvement and developmental plan will encompass different contextual factors that creates impact on the achievement of the students. The factors include geographical location, culture, family background and socio-economic factors. The context of the school suggests that the school is located in a remote place. The principal is the school leader that is responsible for the influence of the student achievement. The leadership learning framework will incorporate features like vision and values, interpersonal skills, personal qualities and social qualities. The related contexts of the school development plan are community, education systems, and socio-economic national, global and regional levels. Regarding the understanding of the remoteness of the school, a better understanding is created by the teachers of the school and the educational leaders. It can be said that in the format of the NSIT (2012), all the sections of management are low. The plan is formulated for the development of the plan in the category of outstanding. References Bush, T., Glover, D. (2014). School leadership models: What do we know?.School Leadership Management,34(5), 553-571. Day, C., Harris, A., Hadfield, M., Tolley, H., Beresford, J. (2000). Leading schools in times of change. Buckingham: Open University Press. Dimmock, C. (2000). Designing the learning-centred school: A cross-cultural perspective. London: Falmer Press. DiPaola, M., Tschannen-Moran, M. (2014). Organizational citizenship behavior in schools and its relationship to school climate.Journal of School Leadership,11(5), 424-447. Ellyard, P. (2001). Ideas for the new millennium. (2nd Ed.). Carlton South,Vic: Melbourne University Press. Fullan, M., with Ballew, A. (2004). Leading in a culture of change. SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass. Hargreaves, A. (2003). Teaching in the knowledge society. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press. Harris, A. (2013).Distributed school leadership: Developing tomorrow's leaders. Routledge. Harris, A., Day, C., Hopkins, D., Hadfield, M., Hargreaves, A., Chapman, C. (2013).Effective leadership for school improvement. Routledge. Haslam Mckenzie, F. (2013). Delivering enduring benefits from a gas development: governance and planning challenges in remote Western Australia.Australian Geographer,44(3), 341-358. Jensen, R. (2016). School leadership development: what we know and how we know it.Acta Didactica Norge,10(4), 48-68. Lambert, P., Marks, W., Elliott, V., Johnston-Anderson, N. (2016). Generational change in Australian school leadership: Collision path or smooth baton change?.Journal of Educational Administration,54(2), 114-134. Lock G., Budgen, F., Oakley, G., Lunay, R. (2012). The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Principal: Tales from Remote Western Australia. The Australian and International Journal of Rural Education. 22(2) 65-78. Lock G., Budgen, F., Oakley, G., Lunay, R. (2012). Welcome to the Outback: The Paradoxes of Living and Teaching in Remote Western Australian Schools. The Australian and International Journal of Rural Education. 22(3), 117-134. Spillane, J. P. (2015). Leadership and learning: Conceptualizing relations between school administrative practice and instructional practice.Societies,5(2), 277-294. Whannell, R., Tobias, S. (2015). Improving mathematics and science education in rural Australia: A practice report.Australian and International Journal of Rural Education,25(2), 91.

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Hog case study Essay Example for Free

Hog case study Essay Product Life Cycle: Late Growth / Early Maturity I. Uncertainties that may affect industry structure II. The plausible assumptions about each important causal factor The uncertainties that exist for the Motorcycle Industry are fluctuations in the following categories: government regulations, price of supplies, Fuel Cost, Global Demand for motorcycles, Product innovation, customer loyalty value (CLV), target market, and market share. The casual factors that drive these uncertainties are an important factor when forecasting the future of the Motorcycle Industry. The most likely scenario for government regulations will push the industry towards going â€Å"Green† and becoming more environmentally friendly by requiring lower emissions. They will require the industry to improve these emissions standards. Currently the average motorcycle averages 40 MPG (miles per gallon) in the city and 50 MPG on highway but they still emit smog into the environment. The industry will most likely use the fuel consumption statistics to their advantage by relating to the current price of gasoline and the fact that the average car gets 20 MPG and SUV’s get even less at about 16 MPG. Price will be a major uncertainty for the industry. The industry relies on other companies to provide them with materials so that they could assemble the bike. The increasing cost of transporting these materials from the manufacturers to the motorcycle assembly plants are going to increase and therefore lead to increase in the operating cost for the industry and lead to higher price for the finished product resulting in no value added. The price of the finished product is a very important factor for the industry because all the players in the industry are trying to attract the younger target market and are competing on price. The Japanese manufacturers have a mindset that they are willing to incur short-term loss so that they could gain market share. This strategy is bad for the industry because every company will try to reduce its prices and will eventually not be able to make significant profit. This fact needs to be carefully monitored so that no one player tries to influence the overall industry. Economic conditions in the U. S. significantly affect the firm’s performance from year to year. During an economic recession, Harley-Davidson will feel its effects since consumers tend to tighten up discretionary spending during rough times resulting in no value added to the company. This is what is currently happening in the economy. Global demand fluctuation also is an important factor to the overall success of the industry. The global demand for the heavy weight motorcycles grows at an average core rate of 7% to 9% per year and has averaged 8. 6% since 1991 for Harley Davidson. This trend will most likely continue because of the Baby-Boomers who previously purchased these bikes will continue to do so as they live more active and adventurous lives then previous generations. The baby boomers are more affluent then previous generations. The global demand will rise because of this fact. It will also rise because they are not only catering to the older consumers but also towards the younger generation and women. The industry is creating bikes that are cheaper and faster that appeal to the younger consumer. This trend will spread globally because of the Blue Ocean created by Harley Davidson because of the Rental Programs, and the Riders Edge programs that will be emulated by the other players in the industry. This will lead to the Red Ocean scenario again and companies will compete at the same level within the industry. We also believe that players in the industry will make strategic alliances with other industries to cross sell their products such as Harley currently produces clothing and accessories to increase and diversify its revenue sources. The industry will continue to compete on all aspects such as price, quality, and functionality. This intense competition will lead to a Red Ocean until a new innovator can emerge. The industry will most likely continue to invest in Research Development to improve the quality of their products, to try to innovate, to get a better product out to the market and even innovate the way they assemble and market their product to the consumer. Also, personalization and customization of motorcycles will increase as television programs such as American Choppers, and West Coast Choppers are glorifying them. All these factors will lead to an expansion of the Target market and more intense competition. Customer Loyalty Value will most likely rise for the industry because many of the individual producers have a wide variety of products that they can offer to their customers. The industry will most likely target previous customers more to get them to purchase a secondary bike. This trend will continue since the largest buyer group numbers are steady for the next several years, currently there are 41 million US men in the age group of 35 to 54 and that number increases to a little over 41 million in 2020. Also currently there are 80 million baby boomers of those the oldest ones are entering their late 50’s and the youngest boomers are just entering earlier part of their 40’s. These groups will be heavily targeted by the industry to either purchase their first motorcycle or 2nd motorcycle. III. Plausible assumptions about each important casual factor The most important casual factors are the level of quality of the motorcycles, product innovation and marketing. These three factors are predetermined meaning that change is likely to happen  nd is largely predictable and they are constant meaning that these areas in the industry are unlikely to change. However, product innovation is uncertain meaning that product innovation depends on other irresolvable uncertainties in the industry. To begin with the first important casual factor the level of quality, we know that if the level of quality for motorcycles increase, it is likely to lead to an increase in other areas as well such as price, sales, market share and customer retention. (Cash flow, interrelationship, linkages and value added). The next important casual factor is product innovation. Similar to quality, if product innovation increases it is likely to lead to increases in other areas such as price, sales, market share, customer retention and gaining new customers. Lastly, marketing is another important casual factor. We know that if marketing is increased and if it becomes more innovative in ways there will be increases in other areas such as sales, market share, customer retention, new customers, advertising and promotion, branding and in relationship marketing resulting in value added. IV. Assumptions about individual factors into internally consistent scenarios. Scenario 1: If quality increases it is likely that performances in other areas are likely to increase as well. Improving quality is always beneficial and important to execute any strategic sequence successfully. The value curve, which is the basic component of the strategy canvas, depicts relative performance across the industry’s factors of competition. Creating a new value curve involves identifying which factors of the industry should be eliminated, reduced, raised well above and created or offered in regards to the industry. So let’s use Harley-Davidson as an example. Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create Grid: Harley-Davidson Eliminate Company staff positions Raise Tariff protection against global competitors Reduce Inventory levels Create JIT inventory practice Employee involvement Materials-As-Needed program When it came to improving the quality of the business Harley-Davidson eliminated the positions of senior vice president in marketing and operations because there was no value added. The style of leadership at the company was very effective because they were able to identify weak links in their operations and cut out the extra manpower that was muda. The company reduced inventory levels with the hope that it would make quality problems more apparent and force employees to take action. The tariff protection the company sought to gain time and protect itself from the Japanese inroads in the heavyweight segment was a leading factor that raised them above the industry standards. The company’s OWC that was created was the use of JIT inventory practices, employee involvement and the SOC (statistical operator control). Workers were required to participate in the newly formed circles that were made directly responsible for improving motorcycle quality. A Materials-As-Needed (MAN) program was implemented to free up, as much needed cash by reducing WIP inventory, which led to economies of scale and LC. These changes also led to increased quality. Productivity improvement went up by over 50%, WIP inventory was reduced by 75%, scrap and rework went down by 68%, U. S. revenues increased by over 80%, international revenues by 1. 7 times, operating profits increased by $59 million and market share in the heavyweight segment increased by 97%. Harley-Davidson’s net revenue increased from $1,350,466 in 1995 to $5,015,190 in 2004 in millions. Scenario 2: If product innovation increases it is likely that performances in other areas will increase as well. Product innovation is the new business imperative. It drives growth and future success for companies. Most companies are trapped competing in red oceans because they define their industry similarly, focus on the same buyer group, define the scope of the products and services offered by their industry similarly and they focus on the same point in time and often on current competitive threats in formulating strategies. However, Harley-Davidson has not followed these same guidelines, so they are not currently trapped in the red oceans. Harley-Davidson was selected as an outstanding corporate innovator by PDMA in 2003 (Product Development Management Association) because of its established brand, its strong connection with customers, and because of its continued commitment to product innovation. The company focuses on optimizing the â€Å"customer experience,† and as a company has grown from 40,000 units/year in 1998 to 264,000 units/year in 2002. Their use of multiple and novel venues to gather customer needs and preferences information to guide their new product efforts, while employing a formal Concurrent Product Process Delivery Methodology (CPPDM), has kept their new product engine running at peak efficiency. Several unique elements and concepts in their process such as â€Å"swirl,† â€Å"bins,† and â€Å"cadence,† ensure the degree of innovation, speed to market, match of development resources, and financial viability of individual projects as well as the entire new product portfolio. Scenario 3: If marketing increases performances in other areas is likely to increase as well. Marketing for any company in any industry is extremely important. How well a product/company is marketed leads to the success of that product/company. Blue oceans are defined by untapped market space, demand creation and the opportunity for highly profitable growth. In order to execute a blue ocean strategy market boundaries must be reconstructed and must reach beyond existing demand. This is in fact what Harley-Davidson did to create a blue ocean for itself and increase the brand name and company revenues simultaneously. The company’s three strategic constants: passion, sense of purpose and operational excellence are the cornerstone of their blue ocean strategy. There is no competition, as seen by being the only U. S. manufacturer for 46 years, and petition to end protective tariffs. All bikes are customizable, and some say that they are made to be tinkered with (not as hands-off as can be, therefore redefining premium brand). The company has a huge fan club and a phenomenally powerful brand and its quintessential strong emotional connection keeps them in the leadership position. Undoubtedly, Harley-Davidsons greatest marketing asset is the Harley Owners Group, with one million member’s world wide making it the largest motorcycle-sponsored club in the world. Harley-Davidson is continuing to improve value innovation by still focusing on beating the competition, making it irrelevant by creating a leap in value for buyers and their company by opening up a new and uncontested market space. They have done this with the implementation of their Rider’s Edge and Rental Programs. The rental program was implemented to hook customers and entice them to buy a Harley. This program is offered by 250 dealers and is available in 52 countries. Survey shows that 32% bought a bike or placed an order and another 37% planed to buy within one year. The Rider’s Edge Program offers riding lessons that last for four days and cost students $350. Approximately 70% of students in the program purchase a motorcycle within 18 months and about 40% of the students are women and 30% are under the age of 35. This buyer learning relationship created by Harley-Davidson has increased sales, new customers and targets the untapped market of women highly. This value innovation has led to LC for people who have learned to ride the motorcycles through the program and also to the instructors teaching the students. It has led to increased sales and revenues from the 70% of students that buy within 18 of completing the lessons. This continues to be a huge win for Harley-Davidson. V. Analyzing the industry structure that would prevail under each scenario McKinsey Model INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS Competitor Profile WeightRateTotal Market Growth Rate. 102. 20 Marketing Size. 103. 30 Competitive Structure. 203. 60 Seasonal/Cyclical. 103. 30 Industry Profit. 102. 30 Tech Demand. 204. 80 Eco of Scale. 102. 20 Unique Social. 102. 20 TOTAL12. 90 Competitor Profile WeightRateTotal Market Share. 204. 80 Tech Strength. 203. 60 Marketing Skill. 203. 60 Company Profit. 102. 20 Management Skill. 102. 20 Ability to compete on price quality. 203. 60 TOTAL13. 00 9 Cell Matrix for Motorcycle Industry 2004 Competitor Profile Strong Average Weak HiIIE MedIE HOGD LowEDD HiMedLow I= Invest E= Evaluate D= Disinvest The next step in scenario planning is to analyze the implications of each scenario for competition. We will determine the future industry structure, implications for industry structural attractiveness and the sources of competitive advantage. The future growth is largely dependent upon its ability to develop and successfully introduce new, innovative and compliant products. In addition, it must comply with governmental laws and regulations that are subject to change and involve significant costs. Worldwide demand for motorcycles is forecasted to advance to 5. 2% annually to more than 35% million units in 2007, valued at $46 billion. Driven by increased income levels in emerging markets such as India, China, and Southeast Asia, demand for scooters, mopeds and light motorcycles will remain relatively strong, providing continued growth opportunities for motorcycle OEMs and suppliers. The market for large motorcycles will also remain strong, although some concerns regarding future demand have emerged due to the aging customer base and rising insurance costs, especially in the US and Europe. While growth prospects remain solid, especially when compared to the 2% annual growth experienced by the light vehicle industry, the industry will likely go through a restructuring phase in the future. Many of the small competitors will begin to exit the market. The intense focus on price in the Asia/Pacific region has caused Japanese OEMs to begin to abandon Japan as a production base in favor of lower cost hubs like China or Thailand. In China, for example, the largest motorcycle market and producer in unit terms, is rapidly transitioning away from motorcycle toward cars, and in the process overflowing the world market with motorcycle exports. In contrast, rising fuel prices and increasing restrictions on car uses are favoring motorcycles in developed markets. Two separate motorcycle markets exist. The first is centered in the industrialized Triad (US, Japan, Europe), where consumers who already have one or more vehicles see motorcycles as pleasure vehicles. These motorcycles tend to be larger, more powerful machines, which cost on average about $5,000 to $6,500. The other much larger market in unit terms is found in the emerging economies of the Asia/Pacific, where motorcycles are seen as primary family and work vehicles. These vehicles are cheaper, smaller and less powerful than Triad motorcycles. Motorcycles everywhere is being fractured down from, stricter emissions controls to noise limits, from land closures to exclusions from HOV lanes. The motorcycle industry has spent the last 10 years of convincing the public that motorcycles are a form of entertainment and not a form of transportation. The world has been changing with new issues and now advertising is geared toward qualities like dependability, practicality, technology, safety and environmental friendliness. Women control 85% of all the discretionary dollars spent in the US. Ten years ago women represented about 3% of the motorcycle owners. In 2004, they ramped up to 12% in motorcycles. Utilizing learning curve, dealers are beginning to understand their sales people can no longer talk down to a woman. Some have started to hire women as salespeople. Once only men staffed dealerships, women are showing up as techs, service writers, parts counter, and unit salespeople. The behavior has changed. The Motorcycle Safety Foundation conducts training for new motorcyclists. In 2003, they reported that 40% of those signing up for new classes are women. In the case of Harley-Davidson, the Harley rider is now 45 (10 years ago it was 37) and 20% of Harley riders are over 55. Despite the company’s success in the past 18 years, it has difficult time attracting younger consumers, who tend, to go for sporty, fast, technologically-savvy racing bikes produced by its competitors. Harley has been investing in its product to attract a younger buyer. It continues to revamp its affordable Sportster line and its higher-tech V-Rod family with liquid-cooled revolution engines continues to appeal to more youthful market. In addition, its sports bike subsidiary, Buell, is to lure in the Generation Y market. Growth in year-to-year sales was slow, but with the economic downturn in the market, sales in this market segment may increase due to the lower price point. These marketing challenges will force the company to examine their manufacturing, marketing, pricing and every other part of the business. For consumers, this will means better pricing, more value and greater service to attract their more discerning and selective purchase. The industries never stand still. Operations improve, markets expand and players enter and exit. VI. Determining the sources of competitive advantage under the most likely scenario The driving force behind Harley-Davidson’s competitive advantage is its quality, marketing and product innovation so we will determine the sources of competitive advantage in these forms. Quality Harley Davidson’s source of competitive advantage in regards to quality will most likely be its continued use of the productivity triad. Harley’s productivity triad involves employee involvement, use of JIT inventory practices (which Harley renamed MAN – Materials As Needed) and statistical operation control. Quality drives productivity and increased productivity is a source of greater revenue. This can be seen as under Harley’s new system inventory turn increased to 17 and productivity improvement went up by over 50%. This new system allowed Harley to free up cash by reducing its work in process inventory by 75%. This system proves that improved quality does not always mean increased cost because its costs decreased while its U.S. revenues increased by over 80%, international revenues by 1. 7 times, and operating profits increased by $59 million. Their market share under this new system had also increased by 97%. Quality is defined entirely by the customer and end user and based upon that person(s) evaluation of his or her entire customer experience. Through the use of the productivity triad, customer retention will increase as Harley Davidson continues to improve its entire customer experience from how their bikes are sold (utilizing women sales people to make women customers more comfortable), to how the bikes perform. The increased customer retention and productivity triad will result in a differentiation advantage over its competitors thus creating superior value to its customers and superior profits for itself. Harley was able to create a blue ocean by driving costs down while simultaneously driving value up for its consumers. Marketing Harley Davidson’s source of competitive advantage in regards to marketing will most likely be the continued use of its programs such as the Ladies of Harley, the Riders Edge and Rental Program. The Ladies of Harley group cultivates and will most likely continue to cultivate the interest of women riders. This group was sponsored by HOG to support women motorcycle enthusiasts, and to encourage women to become more active within the group. The Riders Edge program offers motorcycle-riding lessons that last for four days and cost students $350. Surveys show that 70% of Rider’s Edge participants purchase a motorcycle within 18 months. This program helps to target the women market (who makes up 40% of participants) and younger riders (30% of participants who were under 35). The future strategy of Harley is to gain market share in the younger rider segment, so it is likely to continue this program. Harley will most likely continue the use of its rental program, which is used to â€Å"hook† customers and entice them to buy a motorcycle. It is said that 32% of participants bought a bike or placed an order and another 37% planned to buy one within a year after renting a Harley. The company will most likely increase the number of dealerships the program is offered in, as it has demonstrated great success. This is a value added to the consumer who gets to experience the feel of a Harley before making an actual purchase, and a value added to the company because it almost guarantees future earnings. These programs will result in a differentiation advantage over its competitors. Product Innovation In regards to production innovation, Harley-Davidson will most likely continue with new product development and upgraded manufacturing technology. With many concerns with environmental health issues, Harley will most likely manufacture a Hybrid or economically friendly motorcycle to entice sales of future consumers who are concerned with environmental conservation and to appeal to current eco friendly consumers. Harley-Davidson’s resources and capabilities together form its distinctive competencies. These competencies enable innovation, efficiency, quality and customer retention, all of which could be leveraged to create a cost or differentiation advantage for the firm and thus creating value for its customers and profits for itself. Harley-Davidson has created a strong differentiation strategy setting itself apart from the crowd and making its brand identity legendary. On the next page, you will find a competitive analysis of Harley-Davidson to one of its existing competitors, Honda. Competitive Analysis HARLEY DAVIDSON HONDA Future Goals? Produce and sale high quality motorcycles. ?Maintain market share. ?Replace some of aging boomer customers by tapping into the youth market. ?Address shifting demographics. ?To make cycles more popular. ?Strengthen themselves as a manufacturing company. ?Strengthen focus on initiatives, quality and technology. Current Strategy? Maintain current growth in traditional segments while taking measures to reach younger customers. ?Keep up with trends and customer needs. ?Increase product line of accessory and apparel. ?Provide motorcycles accessories and services to selected niches? Maintain global viewpoint. ?Supplying products with high quality at a reasonable price. ?To create new technology that offers new possibilities in mobility. Assumptions ?Harley would not be able to maintain ?Market for Harley-Davidson products may be maturing. ?Baby-boomers were aging and may not want to ride motorcycles anymore. ?Boomers will ride into their late 60 and 70’s. ?Manufacturers are more skilled at mass-producing motorcycles efficiently. ?Will continue to be more technically advanced in the industry. CapabilitiesStrengths ?Renewed RD expenditure.? Strong brand identity and loyalty. ?Boomers are living more of an active lifestyle. ?Productivity triad. Weakness ?Some bikes are too expensive for younger consumers. ?Close association with baby boomers. Strengths ?Strong technical advances. ?Have a stronger brand with the younger generation. ?Caters to younger buyers with smaller budgets. Weakness ?Does not have an association with baby boomers who are expected to ride longer. Market Share Harley Davidson maintains a large margin in its dominance in the U. S. Heavyweight Motorcycle market as compared to its major competitors. 2003 2007 US Heavyweight Market ShareUS Market Share 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Harley-Davidson 49. 4% 50% 49. 6% 50. 2% 50. 3% Honda 14. 2 15. 1 16. 6 18. 7 18. 4 Suzuki 12. 5 12. 9 12. 4 10. 2 9. 8 Yamaha 9. 2 8. 6 8. 9 8. 7 8. 5 Kawasaki 7. 2 6. 8 6. 5 6. 4 6. 7 However, Harley’s international market share is slightly smaller. For instance, the company has a 38. 4% Canadian market share and a 10. 2% market share in Europe as of 2006. Notably, both of those markets are substantially smaller than the US market. Nonetheless, Harley has a dominant worldwide market share of 33% in what is a growing industry. Operating Metrics Several operating metrics are useful in understanding the company’s position vis-a-vis its largest competitor. Honda’s figures are for its motorcycle business only. Please see chart on next page. 2006 Operating MetricsOperating Metrics Harley-Davidson Honda Units Sold 361 103 Units Sold per Employee 35. 4 3. 6 Revenue per Employee (USD) 637,881 356,746 Operating Margin(%) 27. 5 9. 2 CapEx as % of Sales 3. 8% 4. 2% While the company’s competitors, notably Honda Motor Company (HMC) and Suzuki, do not have as dominant a market position, they often have greater financial resources. This is largely because companies like Honda have more diverse product lines (like cars), and are greater in size than Harley-Davidson, a far more specialized company. For example, motorcycle sales at the company’s largest competitor, Honda, hover around 12% of total revenue. Revenue by Region While around 80% of the Harley Davidson’s sales still occur in the United States, its international segments are growing quickly, and the company is pursuing opportunities for gaining market share abroad resulting in value added. This can prove important to the company, as market share has begun to stabilize in the US due to saturation of this market. 12 Month Harley-Davidson Stock Analysis The chart above shows that it has definitely been a tough 12 months for Harley-Davidson stock and it is undoubtedly being affected by the economy. VII. Predicting competitor behavior under each scenario Introduction of competitor behavior In 2007, Sales in the motorcycle industry failed to increase after 14 consecutive years of gains and were lower than in 2006. For Harley-Davidson, revenues declined 1. 3% and earnings declined 4. 3% 2007. In preparation for the affects of a slowing American economy, the firms largest market, Harley cut production and shipment of its motorcycles in the 3rd and 4th quarters of 2007. However, on the up side, the motorcycle industry sales in 2007 were over the 1 million mark for the 5th straight year. Battery and tire sales indicate that ridership and enthusiasm for the sport remain high. Quality The competition will continue to manufacturer new models and invest in quality improvement; however, they will focus on supplying products with high quality at a reasonable price. In addition, they will strive to further improve JIT inventory practices and statistical operation control. Quality drives productivity and increased productivity is a source of greater revenue. Marketing The competition will market their brand with the younger generation. It will cater to younger buyers with smaller budgets. The aim to attract the younger target market and compete on price. Furthermore, create bikes that are cheaper and faster that appeal to this market. In addition, the current success that Harley has had with the rental’s, and the rider’s edge program will most likely be emulated by the players in the industry. Product Innovation The competition will continue to invest in product innovation that will appeal to the younger generation in design and price points. They will continue to create new technology that will offer new possibilities in mobility. Conclusion: Harley-Davidson has developed a blue ocean strategy by fulfilling dreams through the experience of motorcycling. All bikes are customizable and have developed a huge fan club and a phenomenally powerful brand with emotional connection and loyalty. This loyalty will be crucial to the company’s success going forward, and Harley will depend upon duplicating this success  internationally to fuel growth. Despite the fact that due to economic issues, in the motorcycle industry sales have been down and cost up, we expect that Harley-Davidson will continue to invest in quality improvement, marketing strategy and product innovation in order to remain competitive in the industry and achieve economies of scale. Harley-Davidson will continue to manufacturer new models and invest in quality improvement however; they will do it with increasing cost pressures. The dollar has lost 26% of its value against the euro and 11% of its value against the yen since March 2003. Escalating cost for the metals, plastics and other commodities used to manufacture motorcycles and the fuel needed to transport foreign models to the U. S. market, has resulted in price pressures for the European and Japanese manufacturers in particular. Harley will need to look to further cut manufacturing costs, (lean manufacturing) rather than raise retail prices for consumers who, in the U. S. , are continuing to tighten their belts. Harley-Davidson will continue to invest in marketing. Through marketing efforts the company will look to increase its current loyalty program but also duplicate this success internationally to fuel growth. The company’s customers tend to be fiercely loyal to the brand, which has helped to drive consistent growth over the past 20 years while making the company the premier name in its industry. In addition, since the company’s core consumer group is aging, it will target women and the younger generation of motorcycle enthusiasts. In order to appeal to this group, the company will continue to use the HOG and riders edge program. Furthermore, the company will continue to revamp its affordable Sportster line and its higher-tech V-Rod family with liquid-cooled revolution engines and its subsidiary, Buell, in order to lure in the Generation Y market. However, it should be noted that in marketing to this new segment, it will lead to the red ocean scenario again and companies will compete at the same level within the industry. The company will also have an opportunity to increase marketing in the international markets. While around 80% of the Harley Davidson’s sales still occur in the United States, its international segments are growing quickly, and the company will have an opportunity to market to these segments in order to gain market share abroad resulting in value added. This can prove important to the company, as market share has begun to stabilize in the US due to saturation of this market. Harley-Davidson will also continue to invest in product innovation. In order to increase its customer base, the company will focus more on fuel efficiency transportation oriented models in the coming years. With many concerns with environmental health issues, the company will most likely manufacture a Hybrid or an economically friendly motorcycle to entice sales of future consumers who are concerned with environmental conservation and to appeal to current eco friendly consumers.

Cold Pasteurization can Change the World :: science

The preservation of food is essential to maintain life and growth. Its daily intakes nourish our bodies, providing enzymes, in turn giving us energy. The ability of matter exerts radiation in its domain by means of energy in selected foods. Such rationale debates whether a development of technology creates an effective way to reduce the incidence of foodborne diseases, while treating a variety of potential problems in our food supply. An effective method of research in food irradiation illustrates substantial evidence in its safety, nutritional adequacy, and social-economic global effects. Irradiation is capable of improving the safety and quality of many foods. It is the process that emits high-energy rays passing through [food] products, virtually killing all harmful bacteria and parasites in or on the food (OCA, 1998). Yet, the food remains raw and undergoes only minor chemical changes. Foods are treated with ionizing radiation to accomplish many different goals, one being the delivery of raw meats and sprouts. There is no guarantee that raw ground beef or sprouts will be free of certain harmful bacteria. These foods provide a favourable environment for bacterial growth, whereas, the production process does not include a step to reduce these bacteria, such as cooking or pasteurization. For these foods, irradiation provides a bacteria-killing step. However, one association disagrees the issue and claims that irradiation only covers up problems that the meat and poultry industry should solve, increasing the fecal contamination that results from speeded up slaughter and decreased federal inspection. Irradiation is a ‘magic bullet’ that will enable [the company] to say that the product was ‘clean’ when it left the packing plant (OCA, 2001). The claim, more rather, lacks the key source in evidence, for even the best sanitation and standard antibacterial treatments cannot ensure safety in foods. In addition, irradiation cannot occur properly if the food is too heavily contaminated, preventing industries from using this practice as a substitution for good sanitation practices. Irradiation is not harmful in producing resistant strains of bacteria, nor does it make food radioactive. It simply reduces the amounts of bacteria in foods that may become potential illnesses in humans. Accordingly, food irradiation advocates 40 years of research showing the process to be safe, however, evidence for this assertion is missing. An article in the Nation’s Restaurant News states that detractors of irradiation paint the process as a potential health risk that has n ot been studied sufficiently (Liddle, 2001, p 60, 3p, 4c).

History And Theory Criticism Anthropology Essay

Lancelot Brown who was born in 1716 and died in 1783 was called ‘Capability ‘ because of his ability in recognizing the capablenesss of a landscape. Very high in his twenty-four hours and the demand by the proprietors of most of the baronial estates, we find that his position or repute had started worsening by the start of the 20th century. This was chiefly due to the polemics of those who had revived the captivation of the formal, architectural garden of which he was considered to be the chief destroyer ( Harlin, p93 ) . His prominence was restored by authors like Christopher Hussey and largely, Dorothy Stroud, who was his biographer during the 1950 and 1960s. Most late garden historiographers such as Tom Williamson and David Jacques have stressed the fact that Brown was merely one of the several 18th century landscape interior decorators, like Adam Mickle, William Emes and Nathaniel Richmond whose work and accomplishments are merely get downing to come into focal point. However, some of these interior decorators began their calling together with Brown. Latest survey, excessively, has stressed that Brown was ne'er a one-person set. He greatly depended on a big group of persons in oversing the execution of his programs and he might be believed to be among the first of all time garden interior decorators to hold something similar to a professional pattern. The accomplishment of his calling comes from his ain extraordinary endowments and the clip in which he lived. It was a clip of great profusion and one of the major marks of wealth was the addition in the size of the landed estates. However, the 18th century, as W. G. Hoskins defines it in ( 1955 ) ‘The Making of the English Landscape ‘ , was really the great age of parliamentary enclosures of the waste land and unfastened Fieldss ; about 1,214,574 hectares were enclosed, in other words passed into private ownership. All through hiss calling he worked on designs for more than two 100 estates, between 1741 ( Stowe ) and 1783 ( Stourton House in Yorkshire ) . The typical description of his characteristic work sums about to a cliche , the park that is surrounded by belts of trees, the bunchs of trees in the unfastened landscape, together with the lake at the cardinal land, ever formed by barricading a steam and usually of a snaky sort so as to look like a river. Not much is known about either the pattern or theory of his trade. He did n't go forth any theoretical Hagiographas and the few hints of information we have are undependable. In recent old ages, we find that it has been mentioned that Brown besides had great involvement in the pleasance evidences of an estate together with the park. He often designed more or less fancy shrubberies that were near to the house like in the pleasance evidences of Petworth. His work was n't by and large admired in his clip, Sir William Chambers, the designer every bit good as the garden interior decorator criticized his landscapes in the twelvemonth 1772 due to their small difference from the common Fieldss. Richard Payne Knight, the picturesque apostle, unusually dubbed him as the originator of bald and bald. Nevertheless, Humphry Repton, who so followed in his footfalls, claimed that wishing for grading, so common in all his workingmans: each knoll by them is lowered, and each hollow filled to do a degree surface ( Halliday, p152 ) . Petworth House Petworth House in Petworth, England is a late 17th century manor, reconstruct in 1688 by Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, and tainted during the 1870s by Anthony Salvin. The topographic point was once occupied by an equipt manor house that was founded by Henry de Percy, the 13th century chapel and the undercroft of which still exist. Today ‘s constructing houses is an indispensable aggregation of sculptures and pictures, which include 19 oil pictures by Turner, some which are owned by the household and some by Tate Britain, who was a usual visitant to Petworth, the pictures by Van Dyck, the carvings by Grinling Gibbons every bit good as Ben Harms, traditional and non-traditional sculptures ( which include even the 1s by John Edward Carew and John Flaxman ) , and wall every bit good as the ceiling pictures by Louis Laguerre. Furthermore, there is besides an earthly Earth by Emery Molyneux, which is believed to be he merely one worldwide in its original 1592 province. This stands in a seven hundred acre landscaped park called Petworth Park, which was good designed by Brown. However, the park is among the more popular in England, mostly on description of several of its images which were painted by Turner. It is occupied by a big herd of fallow cervid in England. There is besides approximately 30 acre forest garden called the Pleasure Ground ( Green, p123 ) . For the last two hundred and 50 old ages, we find that the house and the estate have under the ownership of the Wyndham household. The house and cervid park were given to the province in 1947 and are presently under the direction of the National Trust under the trade name ‘Petworth House and Park. However, the Leconfield Estates besides possess much of the Petworth and the adjacent country. As a expression into the lives of the old estate workers, we find that the Petworth Cottage Museum has been situated in High Street. Petworth House is the place to Petworth House Real Tennis Club. ( Many similar private estates held existent tennis tribunals. )BlenheimPalaceThis is a big and big state house located in Woodstock, England. It is really the lone non-episcopal state house in the state to hold the rubric ‘Palace ‘ . The castle which is one of the largest houses in England was constructed between 1705 and 1724. It was accepted and recognized as a UNESCO World heritage Site in the twelvemonth 1987 ( Girouard, p67 ) . However, its building was ab initio intended to be a present to John Churchill, the first Duke of Marlborough from an appreciative state in return for military triumph against the Bavarians and Gallic at the Battle of Blenheim. Is shortly turned out to be the chief topic of political squabbling, which resulted to Marlborough ‘s expatriate, the autumn from the power of his Duchess, and lasting harm to the position of the Sir John Vanbrugh, the architecture Planned in the rare, and impermanent, English Baroque manner, architectural esteem of the castle is divided today as it was during the 1720s. It is exceeding in its combined usage as a mausoleum, household place, and a national memorial. Furthermore, the castle is besides celebrated as the place of birth and the hereditary place of the Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill ( Turner, p30-32 ) . The mark above the big East gate provides a clear history of the building of the castle, the reading: â€Å" Under the backing of a munificent crowned head this house was constructed for John of Marlborough together with his Duchess Sarah, by Sir J Vanbrugh between 1705 and 1722. The Royal Manor of Woodstock and a grant of two hundred and 40 1000 Euros towards the building of Blenheim, was offered by Her Majesty Queen Anne and approved by act of parliament. † The fact is hat the building of the castle was a minefield of political confederacy, with intriguing on a Machiavellian graduated table by Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough. Due to the completion of the castle, it has become the place of the Churchill household for the past three hundred old ages, and several members of the household have in that clip produced many alterations, inside gardens and park, whereby some are for the better, others for the worse. At the terminal of the 19th century, the Churchills and the castle were saved from the muss by an American matrimony. Hence, the outside of the castle is still in good fix and precisely as completed.Work citedTurner, R. , Capability Brown and the Eighteenth Century English Landscape. Phillimore, Chichester, 2005, pp.30-32. The book negotiations about Brown and his several parts to the landscape design, including the constitution of many Parkss for the English aristocracy. Particularly 15 of his landscapes ( e.g. , Blenheim ) which are comprehensively covered. Girouard, M. , Life in the English Country House. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2001, p67 The writer teases out these constellations and analyses the several ways the thoughts of subjection and command shaped Romantic artistic signifiers, from the literature and art to architecture and garden design. Green, D. , Blenheim Palace. Oxford: Alden Press. 2002, p123 The book focuses on a extremely original country of enquiry, the urban underworld. It besides offers enormous penetrations into the cultural energies and the stuff flows of the tunnels, cloacas and drains of Paris and London. Halliday, E. , Cultural History of England. London: Thames & A ; Hudson. 2004, p152 This book displays the easiness and assurance of person who truly knows her capable. The writer examines the comfy insides of England, the overstuffed chairs and couchs, dark forests, authoritative spiels and the vivacious colourss. Harlin, R. , Historic Houses. London: Conde Nast Publications. 1999, p93 In this book, the writer negotiations about the great architectural memorials in different metropoliss of the universe such as London, Athens and Paris

UK immigration system - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1241 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Level High school Did you like this example? BACKGROUND TO RESEACH The United Kingdom Points Based System (PBS) was introduced by the Labour government in February 2008 to replace the complex visa system. The new points based system is governed by Immigration rules. The UK Border Agency (UKBA) introduced this new immigration control system to manage applications from people who wish to come to the UK to study, work and do business. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "UK immigration system" essay for you Create order Points System are designed to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"maximise surplusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that is, the part of the additional output and income generated by immigration.[1] Points Based System is classified into five different tiers namely:- Tier 1: Highly Skilled migrants, Entrepreneurs, Investors General (now closed) Entrepreneurs For those who want to set up or take over an existing business, and be actively involved in running a business in the UK. Investors For those who want to make a substantial financial investment in the UK. Like the entrepreneurs, it offers three years grant of leave.[2] Post study work (now closed) Exceptional Talent For those who have exceptional talents in the arts or sciences. Graduate Entrepreneurs For graduates who have been identified by a UK university holding a world class entrepreneurial skills to apply to stay in the UK after graduation. Tier 2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Skilled Workers outside the European Economic Area (EEA) General for people coming to the United Kingdom with a job offer to fill a vacant position that cannot be filled by people in the UK. Intra Company Transfers For Employees of multinational firms who are being transferred by an overseas employer to a skilled job in a UK-based branch of the organisation Ministers of Religion For Preaching and Pastoral work, missionaries or members of religious orders Sportsperson For internationally established sportsperson and coaches at highest level. However, to qualify under this tier, you need a sponsorship from an organisation that has a valid certificate of sponsor registered with the UK Border Agency. Tier 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Unskilled Temporary Migration Unskilled (never open) Tier 4 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" International Students Students (General) for post-16 education Students (Child) for children aged between 4 and 16 attending independent schools. New restrictions were implemented on the 6th of April, 2012. All studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ visas are classed under tier 4 and to qualify, applicant must have a valid confirmation of Acceptance for Studies from a university or a recognised education institution. Tier 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Temporary Workers, Working Holiday Makers Youth mobility For Working holiday makers (restricted to a few countries) Temporary Workers For creative and sporting, Charity worker, religious, Government Authorised exchange and international agreement. Applicants must be able to prove that they have enough funds to support themselves of which not less than  £1600. They must provide documentary evidence to support this, dated no earlier than one month before applying for entry clearance. Under the Points Based System (PBS) an applicant has to show that they are entitled to the requisite number of points for Attributes, English Skills and funds. There are different numbers of points required under these three criteria and they can be found in Part 6A of the Immigration rules. [3] Over the years, the rules have been edited and disjointed and the necessary information is spread large and wide across the Immigration rules. The process of applying the rules to any given case is complicated by the many and varied transitional provisions which apply. Due to the very many amendments that has been made to the PBS over the years, different rules apply to applications made within the same categories depending upon the date th e application was made or the date the applicant was last granted leave. Under the new system, anyone wanting to come to or remain in the UK will need to show that they meet immigration requirements and that they have enough points to qualify. Points are earned in different ways, such as qualifications and earnings, and in the majority of cases, migrants will need a sponsor who has Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) and Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies if applying as a tier 4 (CAS). PUBLIC RECEPTION OF MIGRANTS One of the reasons for the move to a new immigration system was the perceived need to restore public trust on immigration laws and controls. During its introduction; the system was criticised by the then government opposition, The Conservative Party. This is due to the lapses found in the area where there are lacks on the overall cap to the numbers of people who can qualify under the pointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s based system[4]. There are concerns where the new sy stem fails to provide for the low-skilled migrants from outside of the EEA, this might cause shortages in construction industry. Moreover, business, schools and universities that use Points Based System are faced with increase of regulatory burden. Both Business (Tier 2) and educational establishments (Tier 4 student visas) have to comply with UK Border Authority (UKBA) regulations in order to gain sponsorship accreditation. This involves setting up of an immigrant monitoring system with regular reporting to UKBA on workers and students. This dissertation will attempt to determine the reasons behind the change of formal immigration rules to the Points-Based System by asking the question: Why was the Points Based System introduced and adopted in the UK? Through analysis of these new rules and its accompanying literature, as well as impact of the change on the economy, this dissertation will establish that the introduction of the PBS is a means to assert control over and manage Non à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"European immigration influx into the United Kingdom and also to know the effect this has on the economy. This dissertation will also include an overview of the UK immigration policies; looking at theories behind the different policies and why the constant change in the policies. In so doing, the reasons behind these policies will help to shed more light on the introduction of the PBS. It will also show the many factors that have helped to create previous policies, such as migrant origin, labour and demographic needs and security, which has also play an important role with the PBS. Following this, there will be an analysis of the PBS policy and the impact it has on the economy of United Kingdom. This analysis will elucidate on how the PBS works, who it affects and how. To enhance and provide a more complete overview to the analysis of the change, and thus, go beyond the explicit wording of the policy, media coverage including speeches and newspaper arti cles on the PBS will be analysed. These analyses will reveal public perceptions of both immigration in general and the change in policy. By a comparison between government and public opinion will prove that politicians and policymakers react to public demands in formulating immigration policy especially the Points Based System. REFERENCES Craig, P. and De BÃÆ' ºrca, G. (2003) EU law: text, cases and materials. 3rd edition, OUP Halibronner, K. (2010) EU immigration and asylum laws: commentary on EU regulations and directives. Hart HJT Immigration Manual Jackson, D C. and Berry, A. (2008) Immigration law and practice.4th edition. Tottel Ruhs, M. (2008) Economic research and labour policy https://www.parliament.uk/topics/immigrationarchive.htm accessed on 12/12/2014 https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/may-2012/index.html accessed today 13/12/2014 (Migration Statistics Quarterly Report, May 2012) https://www.gov.u k/government/collections/sponsorship-information-for-employers-and-educators www.gov.uk/government/collections/sponsorship-information-for-employers-and-educators 1 [1] Ruhs, M. (2008) Economic research and labour policy [2] Investors. UK Border Agency [3] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/immigration-rules-part-6a [4] Patrick Wintour (06-12-2007). Smith seeks to restore trust in immigration system. London: The Guardian. Retrieved 16-03-2008